Posted by Greece is divided into 13 regions, each with its own distinct landscape, climate, culture, and tourism. From the snow-capped mountains in the north to the sun-drenched islands in the south, the country offers an impressive diversity. Each region has its own identity, history, and culinary traditions – and together they make Greece one of the most fascinating countries in Europe.
The Administrative Structure of Greece
Since the 2011 administrative reform, Greece has been divided into 13 regions (“periferies”). These are further subdivided into regional units and municipalities. The regions not only serve an administrative purpose but also reflect geographical and cultural differences. Some cover large areas of the mainland, while others consist entirely of islands.
1. Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
The northeasternmost region of Greece borders Bulgaria and Turkey. Mountains, forests, and fertile plains characterize the landscape. Major cities include Kavala, Komotini, and Alexandroupoli. The region is rich in history – the Via Egnatia, one of the most important Roman roads, once ran through here. The unspoiled nature, such as that found in Dadias National Park with its birds of prey, also attracts nature lovers.
2. Central Macedonia
In the heart of Northern Greece lies the populous region of Central Macedonia, home to the metropolis of Thessaloniki. It is the economic center of the north and offers many attractions, such as the White Tower and the ancient city of Pella. South of the city lies the Halkidiki peninsula – known for its three peninsulas of Kassandra, Sithonia, and Athos, its stunning beaches, and turquoise waters.
3. Western Macedonia
This mountainous region on the Albanian border is sparsely populated and considered one of the most pristine areas of Greece. Kozani and Florina are the main towns. In winter, skiers flock to the mountains, while in summer, lakes like Lake Prespa offer opportunities for relaxation. Tourism plays a smaller but increasingly important role here.
4. Epirus
Epirus lies in the northwest of the country and is dominated by majestic mountain ranges. Ioannina, on Lake Pamvotida, is the cultural center. The Vikos Gorge in the Zagori region is particularly famous – one of the deepest gorges in the world. The region offers spectacular hiking trails, traditional stone villages, and unspoiled nature. On the coast near Parga and Sivota, visitors will find idyllic seaside resorts with an Ionian flair.
5. Thessaly
Thessaly lies between the Aegean Sea and the Pindus Mountains. The region is predominantly agricultural but also boasts spectacular natural attractions such as the Meteora monasteries perched atop towering cliffs. The capital, Larissa, is an important commercial center. The Pelion Peninsula is especially popular – a verdant mountain landscape dotted with small villages and secluded coves.
6. Ionian Islands
Off the west coast of Greece lie the Ionian Islands – Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, Ithaca, Paxos, and Kythira. They are known for their mild climate, lush vegetation, and crystal-clear waters. Each island has its own unique character: Corfu enchants visitors with its Venetian architecture, while Zakynthos boasts the famous Navagio Bay. The region is heavily influenced by tourism and is one of Greece’s most popular destinations.
7. Western Greece
This region encompasses parts of the mainland west of Mount Parnassus and the northern Peloponnese. Important cities include Patras – with its famous bridge spanning the Gulf of Corinth – and Messolonghi. The landscape is diverse: mountains, lakes, coastlines, and thermal springs characterize the region. The area around Delphi, in particular, is steeped in history and attracts many visitors each year.
8. Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
The center of the country connects northern and southern Greece. Here lies Mount Parnassus, one of the highest mountains in the country. Lamia and Livadeia are the largest cities. The region is rich in history: it is home to sites like Delphi, once the most important oracle of antiquity. The Bay of Itea and the mountain villages around Arachova are also popular destinations.
9. Attica
The Attica region is the heart of Greece and home to the capital city of Athens. Over a third of the population lives here. In addition to ancient sites like the Acropolis, Attica also offers modern neighborhoods, museums, restaurants, and beaches. The coastline along the Athens Riviera to Sounion, with its Temple of Poseidon, is a highlight for visitors. Athens Airport is the country’s main transportation hub.
10. Peloponnese
The Peloponnese is a peninsula in the south of the mainland, separated from the rest of the country by the Corinth Canal. Historically and scenically, it is one of the most fascinating regions of Greece. Here you’ll find sites like Mycenae, Sparta, Nafplio, and Olympia. Mountains, olive groves, and long coastlines characterize the landscape. The Peloponnese offers a diverse range of tourist activities: cultural tours, beach holidays, and hiking are all equally popular.
11. North Aegean Islands
The islands of the North Aegean – including Lesbos, Chios, Samos, and Lemnos – lie close to the Turkish coast. They are less crowded with tourists and offer authentic experiences. Lesbos is known for its ouzo, and Samos for its sweet wine. Many beaches are quiet and unspoiled, perfect for independent travelers.
12. South Aegean Islands
This region encompasses the Cyclades and the Dodecanese. Well-known islands include Rhodes, Kos, Santorini, Naxos, and Mykonos. They are among the country’s most popular holiday destinations. Each island has its own unique style – from the whitewashed houses of the Cyclades to the historic old towns of Rhodes and Kos. Sun, sea, windmills, and blue-and-white churches characterize this region.
13. Crete
Crete is the largest and southernmost island of Greece—almost a country in its own right. The region combines high mountains, fertile plains, and stunning beaches. The main cities are Heraklion, Chania, and Rethymno. Crete was the center of Minoan culture, traces of which can be seen in the Palace of Knossos. Today, the island is one of the most visited destinations in the Mediterranean, but it also offers secluded villages and unspoiled nature in the south.
Climatic Differences and Natural Diversity
Due to its geographical extent from north to south and its many variations in altitude, Greece exhibits great climatic diversity. While it snows in the north during winter, the islands enjoy a mild Mediterranean climate. The coastal regions are dry and sunny, while the mountains are damp and cool. These differences are reflected in the flora and fauna – from pine forests to olive groves and aromatic herbs.
Regional Significance for Tourism
For travelers, a look at the regions is worthwhile not only for geographical reasons. Many tours, rental car routes, and travel guides are based on this classification. While Attica and the South Aegean region are particularly popular, more and more visitors are discovering the authentic north. Each region offers its own unique charm: culture, nature, cuisine, and hospitality.
Conclusion
The 13 regions of Greece showcase the country’s enormous diversity – from the verdant mountains of northern Greece to the cultural center of Athens and the sun-drenched islands of the Aegean and Ionian Seas. Anyone who truly wants to get to know Greece shouldn’t just visit one region, but discover the country piece by piece. Every area tells its own story – and every one is worth exploring.